// 修改数据
vm.msg = 'Hello';
// DOM 还没有更新
Vue.nextTick(function() {
  // DOM 更新了
});
​
// 作为一个 Promise 使用
Vue.nextTick().then(function() {
  // DOM 更新了
});

// The nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
// via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
// MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
// UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
// completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
// Promise is available, we will use it:
/* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
  const p = Promise.resolve()
  timerFunc = () => {
    p.then(flushCallbacks)
    // In problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
    // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
    // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
    // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
    // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
    if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
  }
  isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (!isIE && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
  isNative(MutationObserver) ||
  // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
  MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
)) {
  // Use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
  // e.g. PhantomJS, iOS7, Android 4.4
  // (#6466 MutationObserver is unreliable in IE11)
  let counter = 1
  const observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks)
  const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
  observer.observe(textNode, {
    characterData: true
  })
  timerFunc = () => {
    counter = (counter + 1) % 2
    textNode.data = String(counter)
  }
  isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
  // Fallback to setImmediate.
  // Technically it leverages the (macro) task queue,
  // but it is still a better choice than setTimeout.
  timerFunc = () => {
    setImmediate(flushCallbacks)
  }
} else {
  // Fallback to setTimeout.
  timerFunc = () => {
    setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0)
  }
}

// 回调函数队列
const callbacks = []
// 异步锁
let pending = false
​
// 执行回调函数
function flushCallbacks () {
  // 重置异步锁
  pending = false
  // 防止出现nextTick中包含nextTick时出现问题，在执行回调函数队列前，提前复制备份，清空回调函数队列
  const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
  callbacks.length = 0
  // 执行回调函数队列
  for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
    copies[i]()
  }
}
​
...
​
// 我们调用的nextTick函数
export function nextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
  let _resolve
  // 将回调函数推入回调队列
  callbacks.push(() => {
    if (cb) {
      try {
        cb.call(ctx)
      } catch (e) {
        handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick')
      }
    } else if (_resolve) {
      _resolve(ctx)
    }
  })
  // 如果异步锁未锁上，锁上异步锁，调用异步函数，准备等同步函数执行完后，就开始执行回调函数队列
  if (!pending) {
    pending = true
    timerFunc()
  }
  // $flow-disable-line
  // 2.1.0新增，如果没有提供回调，并且支持Promise，返回一个Promise
  if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
    return new Promise(resolve => {
      _resolve = resolve
    })
  }
}

const observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks)
  const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
  observer.observe(textNode, {
    characterData: true
  })
  timerFunc = () => {
    counter = (counter + 1) % 2
    textNode.data = String(counter)
  }