Jest 内部原理剖析
在愉悦地编写 Jest 测试代码后，你是否会好奇
test / expect / mock / spyOn 这些内置方法是如何实现的呢？下面我们一起来看一下。Jest 中的
test 函数标准实例是：test('Passing test', () => {})
// ✓ Passing test
test('Failing test', () => new Error('Error message'))
// ✕ Failing test
// Error message
这里可以注意到，如果第二个参数的函数执行没有抛出异常的话，会打印第一个参数，因此我们的模拟实现可以是：
function test(title, callback) {
try {
callback()
console.log(`✓ ${title}`)
} catch (error) {
console.error(`✕ ${title}`)
console.error(error)
}
}
expect 函数的典型使用实例是：// 需要测试的函数
function multiply(a, b) {
return a * b
}
// 测试用例
test('Multipling 3 by 4 is 12', () => {
expect(multiply(3, 4)).toBe(12)
} // ✓ Multipling 3 by 4 is 12
test('Multipling 3 by 4 is 12', () => {
expect(multiply(3, 4)).toBe(13)
}) // ✕ Multipling 3 by 4 is 12
// Expected: 13
// Received: 12
注意到
expect 的返回值具备一个可以调用的方法toBe ，那么我们可以这样模拟expect function expect(current) {
return {
toBe(expected) {
if (current !== expected) {
throw new Error(`
Expected: ${expected}
Received: ${current}
`)
}
}
}
}
当我们要避免测试一个功能时又依赖于不稳定的另外一个功能，我们创建一个 Mock 来更好的管理。Jest 使用
jest.fn 是实现 Mock// random.js
function getRandom(min, max) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min) + min)
}
export { getRandom }
// cards.js
import { getRandom } from './random.js'
const getRandomCard = (cards) => {
const randomCardIndex = getRandom(0, array.length)
return cards[randomCardIndex]
}
export { getRandomCard }
// cards.test.js
import * as randomGenerator from './random.js'
import { getRandomCard } from './cards.js'
test('Returns 7♥', () => {
const originalImplementation = randomGenerator.getRandom
randomGenerator.getRandom = jest.fn(() => 2)
const result = getRandomCard(['2♣', 'K♦️', '7♥', '3♠'])
expect(result).toBe('7♥')
expect(randomGenerator.getRandom).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
expect(randomGenerator.getRandom).toHaveBeenCalledWith(0, 4)
// we keep the test idempotent
randomGenerator.getRandom = originalImplementation
})
为了实现上面的效果，我们可以这样模拟定义
jest.fn 和 expect // jest.fn
function fn(impl) {
const mockFn = (...args) => {
mockFn.mock.calls.push(args)
return impl(...args)
}
mockFn.mock = {calls: []}
return mockFn
}
// expect
import assert from 'assert'
function expect(current) {
return {
toHaveBeenCalledTimes(nrTimesExpected) {
if (current.mock.calls.length !== nrTimesExpected) {
throw new Error(`
Expected: ${expected}
Called: ${func.mock.calls.length}
`)
}
},
toHaveBeenCalledWith(...params) {
// this is a simplified version
if (!assert.deepStrictEqual(current.mock.calls[0], ...params)) {
throw new Error(`
Expected: ${expected}
Called: ${func.mock.calls.length}
`)
}
}
}
}
最近更新 3yr ago